1.How many sets of Kegelsshould be done each day to help with urinary incontinence?

-Three sets of 10 a day

2. What isthe first line treatment for allergic rhinitis?

- intranasal corticosteroid—ie: Flonase.

3. What is the term used for the loss of high-pitched tones in geriatrics?

-Presbycusis

4. What type of hearing loss does cerumen impaction cause?

- Conductive hearing loss

5. You see an older woman bending over leaving on her shopping cart at the grocery store. What isthe likely

diagnosis?

-Spinalstenosis

6. Multiple myeloma is disease of what?

-Plasma cells

7. What test in the office can you use to help diagnose sciatica?

- Straight leg test (Always pick the cheapest, most noninvasive testsfirst!!)

8. I have heel pain that is worse in the morning. What is my likely diagnosis?

- Plantar fasciitis

90. The Lachman test is used to help diagnose what?

- ACL

10. Other tests for acl include

-anterior and posterior drawer tests

11. What is the treatment for gout and what would be the medication instructions for a flare?

- Colchicine and take 1.2 mg at the first sign of flare, followed in 1 hour with a single dose of 0.6 mg.

12. What is a sign of colchicine toxicity?

- Diarrhea

13. What is a common cause of posterior knee pain?

-Baker’s cyst

14. Cotton woolspots, neovascularization and microaneurysms are all Eye exam findings in what condition?

-Diabetes

15. And what about AV nicking and what it is?

- HTN, when an artery crosses over a vein

16. What is the treatment for bacterialsinusitis?

-Augmentin

17. I’m tired, have a sore throat and swollen posterior cervical nodes on exam. What is the likely diagnosis?

-Mono--The best thing I can say to help differentiate those two for memory is that P in posterior is closer to

M in mono in the alphabet so that’s how I remember!

18. Recall that swollen ANTERIOR cervical nodes are seen in

- strep.

19. What is a common side effect of Pyridium, an anti-spasmodic for dysuria?

-Orange colored urine

20. What would be included in your list of differentialsfor hematuria?

-Bladder cancer, kidney stones, exercise induced, trauma, medications, infection, and BPH are the most

common reasons

21. What isthe medication treatment for MRSA?

Bactrim

22. What are some symptoms a patient with lupus would complain of?

- Fatigue, malar rash aka butterfly rash, and joint aches.

23.And what is the lab that you would order it to confirm it?

-ANA

24. What is the term used to describe dry, itching skin?

-Xerosis

25. What is the most common kind of skin cancer?

- Basal cell carcinoma reminder that this cancer presents as a pearly domed nodule, pink or flesh colored and

usually has telangiectasia present

26. What medication is used to treat a cat or dog bite?

-Augmentin (dogmantin)

27. What do you think of when you hear a bright beefy red rash and what is the treatment?

- Candidiasis and treatment is topical anti-fungal (e.g diaper rash)

28. How would you describe the prostate in BPH?

- Firm, rubbery,smooth and symmetrically enlarged. NB that prostate cancer on the other hand is

asymmetrical

29. A1C> what is considered T2DM? >6.5%

30. My A1C is >10, what would be the medication of choice? Insulin (also first choice medication if fasting

glucose is >300!)

31. Hypothyroidism is most common in what population?

- Women >50yrs

32. Your pediatric pt has bloody discharge in his ear, what’s the likely dx?

- Ruptured TM

33. Your patient presents with a burn and blisters are present. What degree burn is this?

-2

nd degree

34 What is the treatment for pertussis?

- Macrolide (Azithromycin)

35. What bug causes the greatest mortality in community acquired pneumonia? Strep pneumo

36. What would be seen on xray of a pt with TB? A black circle usually in the upper lobes

37. Most common side effect of long-term inhaled corticosteroid use?

-Osteopenia and cataracts

38. S3 heart sound is a sign of what?

-Congestive heart failure (keep in mind they’re normal during pregnancy)

39. What medication do use to treat a fib?

- Beta blockers

40. What is pulsus paradoxus?

- A decrease in systolic pressure with inspiration usually seen in asthmatics...to measure use a blood pressure

cuff and stethoscope

41. The upcoming July 4th holiday reminds you of what diagnosis?

-Raynauds ..red white and blue color changing of the hands. Tx? CCBs

42. Someone with high triglyceride levels is at increased risk of what?

-Pancreatitis

43. Subclinical hypothyroidism is described as what lab readings?

-High TSH with a normal T4

44. A positive Markle test is significant of what?

-Appendicitis ...recall that the Markle test is also known as the heel jar in which the patient raises their heels

then drop them suddenly and if they experience pain it’s positive for appendicitis

45. What differentials do you think of in someone with left upper quadrant pain?

-Gastritis, pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, and left lower lobe pneumonia.

46. What about left lower quadrant?

-Diverticulitis

47. A positive Murphy’s sign is indicative of what?

-Cholecystitis.

48. What diagnostic test would you order if this were positive?

- An ultrasound

49. What is the first line treatment for GERD?

- H2 blockers

50. I was going to go over hepatitis B markers but I think it’s harder to say that out loud versus seeing it on

paper so going to skip that but of course remember to review those for the exam too!

51. What diagnostic test should be done for suspicion of appendicitis?

-CT scan ...you should also do a CT scan for diverticulitis and speaking of diverticulitis what is the treatment?

Cipro and Flagyl

52. What is the confirmatory test for HIV? Per Leik 3rd edition,

• Step 1: Order HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies and P24 antigen (combination assay) with reflexes. "Reflex"

meansthat if positive, the lab will automatically perform the follow-up test to confirm the results.

53. What is the treatment forsyphilis?

-Pcn G (for all stages of it)

54. And what are some presenting features of syphilis? Rashes on soles of feet and palms of hands, painless

lesions (chancre)

55. Gonorrhea treatment? Rocephin (“gone-a-cephin” helps me remember this one!)

56. Cervicitis is seen in which diagnoses?

-Chlamydia and gonorrhea

57. I am a healthy 63-year-old patient, what is my goal BP according to JNC 8?

- <150>

58. What should we keep in mind when prescribing for the elderly population?

-May have to start with half dose and increase slowly, side effects!! Especially anticholinergics

59. A low HDL and high trig level always means what?

-Insulin insufficiency

60. The S1 is the closure of which valves?

-AV valves, and S2 is closure ofsemilunar valves

61. On exam you feel a weakened peripheral pulse, what diagnosis do you think of?

- PAD

62. An absent red reflex is indicative of what?

Cataract

63. During an eye exam you note absent venous pulsations, what is this related to?

-Papilledema

64. The Dix Hallpike maneuver is used to test for what condition?

-Vertigo

65. What isthe most well-known medication treatment for Vertigo?

- Meclizine

66. What medication is prescribed for essential tremors?

-BB (propranolol)

67. A young adult patient states that she is experiencing episodes of vision loss and abnormal limb

sensations. What would be at the top of your list of differentials?

- MS---and what would you do? REFER TO NEURO

68. When assessing a patient for dementia, what is the FIRST and best thing you should do?

-GET A GOOD HX FROM PT BUT ALSO FAMILY

69. Name a difference between dementia and delirium?

- Dementia isslow progress, delirium happens RAPIDLY

70. What is the MAIN cause of delirium?

-Infection

71. Cranial Nerves review (just going over the MAIN ones I’ve seen in reviews/questions for the exam)

--nose: 1

--vision: 2

--EOM: 3, 4, and 6

--trigeminal: 5 (trigeminal neuralgia)

--facial: 7 (bell’s palsy)—HSV can cause Bell’s Palsy (keep in mind!)

--ears: 8

--shoulders: 11

72. UTI treatment?

- Macrobid

73. What about UTI in a pregnant pt?

-Keflex or Amoxicillin

74. Anxiety…which medsto use forsituational?

-Benzos and GAD? SSRIs, SNRIs

75. What about OCD? SSRI, SNRI, TCA

76. Which population has the highest suicide rate?

-Older, white males

77. What symptom is specific to the geriatric population when you think of UTIs? Confusion

78. PNA in Geri’s, how do they present?

-We went over this last round, but felt it was important enough to repeat it. Tachypnea, extreme fatigue, and

I didn’t mention last time but another thing to keep in mind with geris and PNA is that they MAY not have a

fever with it because of decreased thermoregulation. Also can see delirium and falls.

79. What is the difference between sensitivity and specificity?

- Sen= TRUE positive, they tested POSITIVE and HAVE the DA, whereas Spec= DON’T have the DA, tested NEG

80. What vitamin deficiency can alcohol lead to?

-Thiamine deficiency (vit B1)---and INCREASED GGT levels

81. MMSE, what score indicates dementia?

<24>

82. 10mm+ for PPD is needed for continued investigation of TB for what two populations?

-Healthcare workers and recent migrants. Note 5mm+ “ “-- HIV patients and immunosuppressant

83. What food is advised to try first in infants 4-6 months of age?

-Rice cereal

84. What degree of curvature in scoliosis should warrant bracing?

>20 degrees

85. Tanner staging, anyone need a refresher on this?