NR565 FINAL EXAM/NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY CARE OF THE FUNDAMENTALS EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS||AGRADE

NR565 FINAL EXAM/NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY

CARE OF THE FUNDAMENTALS EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL

EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS||AGRADE

What labs are used to diagnose hypo/hyper thyroid? - ANSWER- TSH,

T3, and T4. High TSH = hypo and low TSH = hyper. Opposites.

Timeframe for re-check of labs after starting levothyroxine - ANSWER6-8 weeks (long half-life). Yearly after stable.

Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - ANSWER- Dry hair, puffy

face, goiter in the neck, slow heartbeat, weight gain, constipation,

infertility, increased risk of miscarriages, irregular menstrual cycle, cold

intolerance.

Drug of choice for hypothyroidism - ANSWER- Levothyroxine

(Synthroid)

§ Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER- Hair loss,

bulging eyes, goiter, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, diarrhea, menstrual

periods loss often or longer.

Drug of choice for hyperthyroidism - ANSWER- Methimazole

(Tapazole)

Treatment of thyroid storm - ANSWER- high doses of potassium iodide

or strong iodine solution are given to suppress thyroid hormone release.

Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis. Beta

blocker given to reduce HR. additional measures include sedation,

cooling, and giving glucocorticoids and IV fluids.

Result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy: - ANSWERPermanent neuro-psychological deficits in the child. Decrease

IQ/neuropsychological function. First trimester.

Symptoms associated with severe-persistent asthma frequency -

ANSWER- Several times a day

SABA drug class examples - ANSWER- Albuterol (proair, ventolin,

Proventil), levalbuterol (Xopenex).

LABA drug class examples - ANSWER- Aclidinium bromide,

arformoterol (brovana), formoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol, salemetrol.

ICS (Inhaled corticosteroids) drug class examples - ANSWERBeclomethasone dipropionate (QVAR), Budesonide (Pulmicort),

Ciclesonide (Alvesco), Flunisolide (Aerospan), fluticasone propionate

(Flovent), Mometasone furoate (asmanex).

SABA Benefits of use - ANSWER- Used PRN for prophylaxis of

exercise-induced bronchospasm and to relieve ongoing asthma attacks

and COPD exacerbations.

Patient instructions for SABA - ANSWER- Proper use/technique of

inhaler.Consider spacer in difficulty with hand-breath

coordination.Patients keep a record of symptom frequency, intensity,

nighttime awakenings, effect on normal activity, and SABA use.Report

CP or changes in rhythm.When two inhalations are needed, an interval

of at least 1 minute should elapse between inhalations.Warn against

exceeding recommended doses.

Why is it important to know the frequency a patient is using their

SABA? - ANSWER- SABA use is a marker of inadequate asthma

control

LABA (long acting beta2-agonists) - ANSWER- Should be taken on a

fixed schedule, not PRN and always in combination with an inhaler

glucocorticoid.

Examples of LABA - ANSWER- Aclidinium bromide, arformoterol,

formoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol, salmeterol.

Benefits of use - LABA - ANSWER- Maintenance therapy.

Use in COPD - LABA - ANSWER- May be used alone in patients with

COPD. Drug therapy is minimal and limited to a small improvement in

symptoms.

Inhaled ICS examples - ANSWER- Beclomethasone dipropionate,

Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Flunisolide, Fluticasone proprionate,

Mometasone furonate.

Benefits of use - ICS - ANSWER- Suppresses inflammation, reduce

bronchial hyperreactivity and decrease airway mucus production.

At what point would an oral steroid be prescribed? - ANSWER- Patients

with moderate to severe persistent asthma or for management of acute

exacerbations of asthma or COPD. Only prescribed when symptoms

cannot be controlled with safer meds (inhaler glucocorticoids, inhaled

B2 agonists).

When would roflumilast be indicated for a COPD patient? (PDE4

inhibitor) - ANSWER- Severe cases of COPD with a primary

component of chronic bronchitis. COPD exacerbations.

Smoking cessation - what works best? - ANSWER- one drug and

counseling work best together. Chantix most effective (cardiovascular

risk).

Nicotine replacement s/e - ANSWER- local irritation where the

substance enters the body