What type of drugs are absorbed into the GI tract and metabolized by the liver. This results in a 

reduce amount of bioavailability or active drug in the circulatory system. therefor this type of 

drug has a higher dose to allow for the effect

Oral drugs

What form of drugs are affected by the first pass effect

Elixir, tablets and capsules

What are considered enteral drugs

Elixirs, tablets and capsules

What drugs are not affected by the first pass effect

IV, sublingual, transdermal patch, suppository (parenteral drugs)

What is the First Pass Effect

Initial liver metabolism

Drugs not affected by first pass effect are considered

parenteral (IV, sublingual, transdermal patch and suppositories)

What is half life of a drug

The time it takes for half of a drug dose to be eliminated from the body

What is pharmaceutics

The dosage form that determines the rate of drug dissolution

What is pharmacodynamics

What the drugs do to the body therapeutic effects

What is pharmacokinetics

What the body does to the drug movement of drugs through the body

What is the process of pharmacokinetics

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

List the absorption routes of drugs by mouth from fastest to slowest

Sublingual

Liquid Suspension

Capsule

Tablet

Enteric coated tablets

Extended release tablets

Ex: 200mg ibuprofen has a half life of 2 hours, 100 mg will be remaining in the body after 1 half 

life or 2 hours. After 2 half lives (4 hours) only 50 mg will be left etc etc etc

Rate of distribution depends on what

Vascular permeability, blood flow and perfusion

What is it called when drugs become available to action sites.

Example low levels of albumin and immunoglobulins (blood proteins) results in problems with 

toxicity because there are fewer binding sites for the drug

Distribution

What causes free drugs to float around the body causing toxicity

Low protein/Low albumin level

What are areas of fast distribution

Heart, liver and kidneys

What are areas of slow distribution

Muscle, fat and skin

What are the normal lab values for Albumin

3.5-5.5g/dL

What is metabolism of drugs

The use and transformation of drugs so that they can be excreted from the body

Why do neonates and infants have poor metabolism and excretion of drugs

They have immature liver and kidneys