Trigeminal neuralgia is associated with what cranial nerve?

Cranial nerve V (5)

It is a very painful severe sharp stabbing pain that can worsen with chewing

Melanoma is what?

Most aggressive type of skin cancer; the thickness of the lesion impacts prognosis

Why does glucose intolerance occurs?

Cortisol induced insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis and glycogen storage by The 

liver.

What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

It is where the least blood flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia 

happens

What enzyme is obtained from the kidney?

Erythropoieten

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do?

It is made in the lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.

What is most important for the filtration process?

Blood hydrostatic pressure

What are the functions of the kidney?

Sodium/water removal, waste removal, hormone production

What is acute renal failure?

sudden loss of kidney function due to an illness, Injury, drug, Or toxin that stresses the kidneys. 

ARF can be reversible

What is chronic Renal failure?

A long slow process where the kidney looses its ability to function, it occurs in different stages

What is end stage renal disease?

Irreversible loss of kidney function

What are the types of ARF?

Prerenal, intravenal, post renal

What is the most common cause of ARF?

Pre renal

What happens when pre Renal is not treated?

It can turn into intrinsic/ intrarenal and damage inside

What is pre-renal failure?

When the damage is before the kidneys due to decreased blood flow from volume depletion or 

hypoperfusion

Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion

Too many diuretics, vomiting and diarrhea, hemorrhage;

Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis

Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure

Decreased blood flow means decreased GFR, decreased GFR means decreased renal blood flow, 

then decreased GFR activates RAAS. Angiotensin secretes aldosterone which increases BP 

volume

If creatinine is elevated..

GFR is decreased

What is intra Renal failure?

Its the damage that has occurred inside the kidney due to:

->Glomerulonephritis

->Rhabdomylosis

->Contrast dye

->Drugs/meds

->HTN (uncontrolled HTN)

->DM

TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME

What is the most common intra Renal failure?

Tubular

What is post-renal failure?

Obstruction located after the kidneys, most often a consequence from urinary obstruction