1. Treatment of PMDD that affects all or most of the symptoms includes:

1. Tryptophan up to 6 g/d

2. Vitamin E 200-400 mg/d

3. Evening primrose oil 500 mg/d

4. Fluoxetine 20 mg/d

____ 2. Women are now the fastest growing population with HIV infection and AIDS. HIV-infected women:

1. Are less likely to become pregnant or to carry a pregnancy to term

2. Have higher rates of cervical dysplasia and HPV-concurrent infections

3. Are most often over 35 years of age

4. Most often come from Asian and Caucasian ethnic groups

____ 3. Maternal-to-child transmission of HIV infection during pregnancy may be prevented by:

1. Use of antiviral drugs such as zidovudine

2. Use of condoms during intercourse

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

____ 4. Erroneous information about LGBTQ individuals can lead to failure to give accurate advice to them as patients. Which of the following statements is true about lesbians:

1. Lesbians cannot contract a sexually transmitted infection from their female partner.

2. Screening for cervical cancer is not required.

3. Lesbians as a group are less likely to have health-care insurance.

4. Like women in general, lesbians are more likely than gay men to seek care for health-related issues.

____ 5. Which of the following holds true for the pharmacokinetics of women?

1. Gastric emptying is faster than that of men.

2. Organ blood flow is the same as that of men.

3. Evidence is strong concerning renal differences in elimination.

4. Medications that involve binding globulins are impacted by estrogen levels.

____ 6. Since 40% of bone accrual occurs during adolescence, building bone during this time is critical. Ways to improve bone accrual in adolescents include:

1. Use of bisphosphonates early if dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans show limited bone accrual

2. Encouraging a daily dietary intake of 1,300 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D

3. Avoiding all birth control methods that include progesterone

4. Fostering the intake of iron mainly in green and leafy vegetables

____ 7. Hot flashes are often a concern during menopause. Which of the following may help in reducing them?

1. Drink one caffeinated liquid per day

2. Take progesterone supplementation

3. Exercise 20-40 minutes/day

4. Increase intake of carrots, yams, and soy products

____ 8. Factors common in women that can affect adherence to a treatment regimen include all of the following EXCEPT:

1. Number of drugs taken: Women tend to take  fewer drugs over longer periods of time

2. Fear that medications can cause disease: Information obtained from social networks may be inaccurate for a specific woman

3. Nutritional status: Worries about possible weight gain from a given drug may result in nonadherence

4. Religious differences: A patient’s belief system that is not congruent with the treatment regimen presents high risk for nonadherence