A small, rural hospital is part of an Accountable Care Organization (ACO) and is designated as a Level 1 ACO. What is part of this designation? p. 2 a. Bonuses based on achievement of benchmarks b. Care coordination for chronic diseases c. Standards for minimum cash reserves d. Strict requirements for financial reporting {{Ans- ANS: A A Level 1 ACO has the least amount of financial risk and requirements, but receives shared savings bonuses based on achievement of benchmarks for quality measures and expenditures. Care coordination and minimum cash reserves standards are part of Level 2 ACO requirements. Level 3 ACOs have strict requirements for financial reporting. What was an important finding of the Advisory Board survey of 2014 about primary care preferences of patients? p. 2 a. Associations with area hospitals b. Costs of ambulatory care c. Ease of access to care d. The ratio of providers to patients {{Ans- ANS: C As part of the 2014 survey, the Advisory Board learned that patients desired 24/7 access to care, walkin settings and the ability to be seen within 30 minutes, and care that is close to home. Associations with hospitals, costs of care, and the ratio of providers to patients were not part of these results. Which assessments of care providers are performed as part of the value-based purchasing (VBP) initiative? (Select all that apply.) p. 1 a. Appraising costs per case of care for Medicare patients b. Assessing patients' satisfaction with hospital care c. Evaluating available evidence to guide clinical care guidelines d. Monitoring mortality rates of all patients with pneumonia e. Requiring advanced IT standards and minimum cash reserves {{Ans- ANS: A, B, D Value-based purchasing looks at five domain areas of processes of care, including efficiency of care (cost per case), experience of care (patient satisfaction measures), and outcomes of care (mortality rates for certain conditions). Evaluation of evidence to guide clinical care is part of evidence-based practice. The requirements for IT standards and financial status are part of Accountable Care Organization standards What is the purpose of Level II research? p. 6 a. To define characteristics of interest of groups of patients b. To demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment c. To describe relationships among characteristics or variables d. To evaluate the nature of relationships between two variables {{Ans- ANS: C Level II research is concerned with describing the relationships among characteristics or variables. Level I research is conducted to define the characteristics of groups of patients. Level II research evaluates the nature of the relationships between variables. Level IV research is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions or treatments. Which is the most appropriate research design for a Level III research study? p. 6 a. Epidemiological studies b. Experimental design c. Qualitative studies d. Randomized clinical trials {{Ans- ANS: B The experimental design is the most appropriate design for a Level III study. Epidemiological studies are appropriate for Level II studies. Qualitative designs are useful for Level I studies. Randomized clinical trials are used for Level IV studies. What is the purpose of clinical research trials in the spectrum of translational research? p. 6 a. Adoption of interventions and clinical practices into routine clinical care b. Determination of the basis of disease and various treatment options c. Examination of safety and effectiveness of various interventions d. Exploration of fundamental mechanisms of biology, disease, or behavior {{Ans- ANS: C Clinical research trials are concerned with determining the safety and effectiveness of interventions. Adoption of interventions and practices is part of clinical implementation. Determination of the basis of disease and treatment options is part of the preclinical research phase. Exploration of the fundamental mechanisms of biology, disease, or behavior is part of the basic research stage. Which statement made by a health care provider demonstrates the most appropriate understanding for the goal of a performance report? a. "This process allows me to critique the performance of the rest of the staff." b. "Most organizations require staff to undergo a performance evaluation yearly." c. "It is hard to be personally criticized but that's how we learn to change." d. "The comments should help me improve my management skills." {{Ans- ANS: D The goal of the performance report is to provide guidance to staff in the areas of professional development, mentoring, and leadership development. A peer review is written by others who perform similar skills (peers). The remaining options may be true but do not provide evidence of understanding of the goal of this professional requirement. Which assessment question would a health care provider ask when engaging in the previsit stage of the new model for primary care? (Select all that apply.) a. "Are you ready to discuss some of the community resources that are available?" b. "Are you experiencing any side effects from your newly prescribed medications?" c. "Do you anticipate any problems with adhering to your treatment plan?" d. "Are you ready to discuss the results of your laboratory tests?" e. "Do you have any questions about the lab tests that have been ordered for you?" {{Ans- ANS: B, C, E