Surgery risk classes
Correct answer- Class 1: benefits outweigh risk, should be done
Class 2a: reasonable to perform
Class 2b: should be considered
Class 3: rarely appropriate
General rules for surgery: testing
Correct answer- ECG before surgery only if coronary disease, except when low risk
surgery
Stress test not indicated before surgery
Do not do prophylactic coronary revascularization
Meds before surgery
Correct answer- - Diabetic agents: Use insulin therapy to maintain glycemic goals(iii)
Discontinue biguanides, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas,
and GLP-1 agonists
- Do not start aspirin before surgery
- Stop Warfarin 5 days before surgery. May be bridged with Lovenox.
- Do not stop statin before surgery
- Do not start beta-blocker on day of surgery, but may continue
Assessment of surgical risk
Correct answer- - Unstable cardiac condition (recent MI, active angina, active HF,
uncontrolled HTN, severe valvular disease), concern with CAD, CHF. arrhythmia, CVD
- patient stable or unstable?
- urgency of the procedure (oncology will be time sensitive)
- risk of procedure
- nutritional status
- immune competence
- determine functional capacity (need to be more than 4 METS, more than 10 METs
makes low risk)
Low risk surgeries
Correct answer- catarcts
breast biopsy
cystoscopy, vasectomy
laporascopic procedures
Plastic surgery
intermediate risk surgeries
Correct answer- Head/ neck surgery
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