Final Exam review Intro: Florence Nightingale, How did you use Orem in the care planning? Self-care is a human need; self-care deficits require nursing actions. Nursing is a human service, and nurses design interventions to provide or to manage self-care actions for sustaining health or recovering from illness or injury. Chapter 1: standards of Nursing practice. Pg 17-18 BOX 1-4 ANA STANDARDS OF NURSING PRACTICE Standards of Practice  Standard 1. Assessment The registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health or the situation.  Standard 2. Diagnosis The registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues.  Standard 3. Outcomes Identification The registered nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation.  Standard 4. Planning The registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes.  Standard 5. Implementation The registered nurse implements the identified plan, coordinates care delivery, employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment (the advanced practice registered nurse [APRN] also provides consultation and uses prescriptive authority and treatment). Standard 5a. Coordination of Care The registered nurse coordinates care delivery. Standard 5b. Health Teaching and Promotion The registered nurse employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment. Standard 5c. Consultation The graduate-level prepared specialty nurse or APRN provides consultation to influence the identified plan, enhance the abilities of others, and effect change. Standard 5d. Prescriptive Authority and Treatment The APRN uses prescriptive authority, procedures, referrals, treatments, and therapies in accordance with state and federal laws and regulations.  Standard 6. Evaluation The registered nurse evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes. Standards of Professional Performance  Standard 7. Ethics The registered nurse practices ethically.  Standard 8. Education The registered nurse attains knowledge and competence that reflects current nursing practice.  Standard 9. Evidence-Based Practice and Research The registered nurse contributes to quality nursing practice.  Standard 10. Quality of Practice The registered nurse contributes to quality nursing practice.  Standard 11. Communication The registered nurse communicates effectively in all areas of practice.  Standard 12. Leadership The registered nurse demonstrates leadership in the professional practice setting and the profession.  Standard 13. Collaboration The registered nurse collaborates with the health care consumer, family, and others in the conduct of nursing practice.  Standard 14. Professional Practice Evaluation The registered nurse evaluates her or his own nursing practice in relation to professional practice standards and guidelines, relevant statutes, rules, and regulations.  Standard 15. Resource Utilization The registered nurse utilizes appropriate resources to plan and provide nursing services that are safe, effective, and financially responsible.  Standard 16. Environmental Health The registered nurse practices in an environmentally safe and healthy manner.  Standard 17. Collegiality The nurse interacts with and contributes to the professional development of peers and colleagues. Theory, research and evidence based practice: we get rationales for what we do, always. Patient centered care, always used patient centered cared. Acute vs chronic. Experiencing sick symptoms (Assume the sick role. ) In stage 1: experiencing symptoms, the first indication of an illness usually is recognizing one or more symptoms that are incompatible with one’s personal definition of health. The stage of assuming a dependent role is characterized by the patient’s decision to accept the diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan. In the achieving recovery and rehabilitation role, the person gives up the dependent role and resumes normal activities and responsibilities. Health promotion and illness prevention. Health promotion and illness The current focus on health promotion and illness prevention at local, state, national, and global levels is important to nursing. Chapter 1 provides information aboutHealthy People 2020, a national agenda to promote health. Nursing interventions to promote health in the community are discussed in Chapters 4 and 9. Chapters 18 and 19 discuss recommended screenings, immunizations, and safety practices across the lifespan. Nurses must take care of their own health to be able to give effective nursing care to others. Good personal health enables nurses not only to practice more efficiently but also to serve as role models for patients and families. Nurses can help patients acquire new health behaviors by modeling the very behaviors they are trying to promote. It is difficult for nurses to be sincerely attentive to the needs of patients when their own needs are not being met. Because no one is perfectly healthy all of the time, nurses who are preparing for professional practice should spend time getting to know themselves. From this self-knowledge should come a commitment to actively pursue holistic health. To help you increase your self-knowledge, complete the health-style self-test in Box 3-2, p. 51. Review levels of prevention -health promotion and illness prevention (3.2) TABLE 3-2 Examples of Nursing Activities by Level of Health Promotion and Preventive Care Level Topic Primary Weight loss Diet Exercise Smoking cessation Reduced alcohol consumption Avoidance of illicit drugs Farm safety Seat belts and child safety seats Immunizations Water treatment Safer sex practices Effective parenting Secondary Screenings (Blood pressure, cholesterol, glaucoma, HIV, skin cancer) Pap smears Mammograms Testicular examinations Family counseling Tertiary Medication Medical therapy Surgical treatment Rehabilitation Physical therapy Occupational therapy Job training Primary health promotion and illness prevention are directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury. Nursing activities at the primary level may focus on people or groups. Examples of primary-level activities are immunization clinics, family planning services, providing poison-control information, and accident-prevention education. Other nursing interventions include teaching about a healthy diet, the importance of regular exercise, safety in industry and farms, using seat belts, and safer sex practices.