NRNP 6635 Midterm Exam 2022/2023 [100% correct answers & explanations]

NRNP 6635 Midterm Exam 2022 [100% correct answers & explanations]

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QUESTION 1

1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in

children and adolescents based on the common comorbidity of tic disorders.

A Norepinephrine

B

GABA

.

C

Dopamine

.

D Acetylcholine

Answer:

Dopamine

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC)

circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network. Serotonin,

dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters throughout the

CSTC.

Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward

system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of

reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations.

Step-by-Step explanation

References

Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... &

Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive

compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151.

Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel

pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69-81.

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder.

Answer:

A

Opioid

analgesics

.

B TCA

and SSRI

. antidepressants

C Beta-adrenergic

. blockers

D

Mood stabilizers

.

Opioids analgesics

Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate pain. Weak opioid

analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that combine acetaminophen with low levels

of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics, which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine, can be

used to relieve mild to extreme acute pain.

Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain

relievers (endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and

gastrointestinal tract.

Step-by-Step explanation

References

Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... & Lebuffe, G. (2017).

Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery under

general anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566.

Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication:

how patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general internal medicine, 23(9),

1336.

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder.

Answer:

A Anorexia

. nervosa

B Bulimia

. nervosa

C

Purging

.

D

Binge

.

A. Anorexia Nervosa

Step-by-Step explanation

Anorexia nervosa is one eating disorder that most people have heard of. People with anorexia often starve

themselves in order to achieve an unattainable ideal of thinness. This condition, like many eating disorders,

tends to affect more women than men.

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. Select the disorder in which inflicting injury to self or others is common.

A

Pain

.

1 points

1 points

accompanied with dissociative symptoms. A disruption in the integrated functions of consciouB

Conversion

.

C Somatic

. symptom

D

Factitious

.

Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely

getting sick or by self-injury.

QUESTION 5

1. Select two imaging methods used to study anxiety disorders.

A

CT

.

B TM

. S

C

MRI

.

D

EKG

.

QUESTION 6

1. Select the two factors that do not cause dissociative amnesia.

A Sexual

. abuse

B Substance

. abuse

C

Surgical pain

.

D Partner

. betrayal

Answer:

A .

Step-by-Step explanation

The correct answer is;

A. Sexual abuse D.

Partner betrayal

Substance abuse and surgical pain can cause dissociative amnesia.

Dissociative amnesia is a disorder in which a person loses track of vital details from their past. This

forgetfulness can be limited to a few key areas (thematic), or it might encompass a large portion of a

person's life history and/or identity (general).

Drug and alcohol usage not only raises the risk of having a co-occurring or comorbid substance use

disorder, but it can also intensify dissociative amnesia symptoms.

Dissociative disorders are essential to the pain physician because persistent pain can be

Reference

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