1. What are the three main components of a mental status examination (MSE)? How would you conduct an MSE for a child, an adolescent, and an older adult? - The three main components of a MSE are appearance and behavior, thought process and content, and mood and affect. To conduct an MSE for a child, you would use ageappropriate language and tools, such as drawings, puppets, or toys, to elicit information and observe the child's interactions with the environment and caregivers. To conduct an MSE for an adolescent, you would use open-ended questions and rapport-building techniques, such as reflecting, summarizing, and validating, to explore the adolescent's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. You would also assess the adolescent's level of development, peer relationships, and risk factors for substance use, violence, or suicide. To conduct an MSE for an older adult, you would use respectful and empathic communication, taking into account the older adult's sensory impairments, cognitive status, and cultural background. You would also assess the older adult's functional abilities, social support, and coping skills. 2. What are some common psychiatric disorders that affect children and adolescents? What are the diagnostic criteria and treatment options for each disorder? - Some common psychiatric disorders that affect children and adolescents are attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorders. The diagnostic criteria for each disorder are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies the symptoms, duration, severity, and impairment required for a diagnosis. The treatment options for each disorder may include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, psychoeducation, family therapy, behavioral interventions, school-based interventions, and referral to specialized services. 3. What are some common psychiatric disorders that affect older adults? What are the diagnostic criteria and treatment options for each disorder? - Some common psychiatric disorders that affect older adults are cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia; mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder; anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder; psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and delusional disorder; and substance use disorders. The diagnostic criteria for each disorder are based on the DSM-5, which specifies the symptoms, duration, severity, and impairment required for a diagnosis. The treatment options for each disorder may include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, psychoeducation, family therapy, cognitive stimulation therapy,