1. What is the most common initial symptom of menopause that nursing students should assess for in a patient? A) Hot flashes B) Irregular periods C) Mood swings D) Sleep disturbances Answer: A) Hot flashes Rationale: Hot flashes are often the first symptom women report when experiencing menopause. They are a sudden feeling of warmth that spreads over the body and can be associated with sweating and redness. Recognizing this symptom is crucial for nursing students as it can significantly affect a patient's quality of life. 2. During menopause, levels of which hormone typically decrease? A) Estrogen B) Testosterone C) Progesterone D) Luteinizing hormone Answer: A) Estrogen Rationale: Estrogen levels decrease during menopause, leading to many of the symptoms associated with this transition, such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. Nursing students must understand these hormonal changes to provide appropriate care and support to menopausal patients. 3. Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women? A) High body mass index B) Regular weight-bearing exercise C) Smoking D) Calcium-rich diet Answer: C) Smoking Rationale: Smoking is a known risk factor for osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women, as it can lead to decreased bone density. It is important for nursing students to identify and educate patients on modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis.