1. A 2-year-old child presents with a three-day history of high fever,
irritability, and a maculopapular rash that started on the trunk and spread
to the limbs. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Measles
B. Rubella
C. Roseola
D. Fifth disease
Answer: C. Roseola
Rationale: Roseola, also known as sixth disease, typically presents with
high fever and a rash that starts on the trunk and spreads to the limbs after
the fever subsides.
2. A 4-month-old infant is brought to the clinic with a barking cough and
stridor. The mother reports that the symptoms worsened at night. What is
the most appropriate initial management?
A. Prescribe antibiotics
B. Administer a nebulized bronchodilator
C. Provide cool mist humidification
D. Perform endotracheal intubation
Answer: C. Provide cool mist humidification
Rationale: The clinical presentation is suggestive of croup, which is
often managed with cool mist humidification to relieve stridor and cough.
3. A 6-year-old child with no past medical history suddenly develops
widespread purpura, abdominal pain, and arthralgia. Laboratory findings
show normal platelets and coagulation profile. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
B. Henoch-Schönlein purpura
C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
D. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Answer: B. Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Rationale: Henoch-Schönlein purpura is characterized by nonthrombocytopenic purpura, abdominal pain, arthralgia, and renal
involvement, with normal platelet count and coagulation profile.
4. A 3-week-old newborn is exclusively breastfed and presents with
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