Case Study: Physiology of Nerve Cells

 A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a condition

characterized by the destruction of myelin sheaths

surrounding nerve fibers in the central nervous system.

Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for

producing myelin in the central nervous system?

 a) Astrocytes

 b) Oligodendrocytes

 c) Microglia

 d) Schwann cells

 Answer: b) Oligodendrocytes

 Rationale: Oligodendrocytes are the primary cells

responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous

system, whereas Schwann cells perform this function in the

peripheral nervous system.

Case Study: Sensory and Motor Systems

 A patient presents with a loss of proprioception and

vibration sense in the lower extremities following a spinal

cord injury. Which of the following ascending sensory

pathways is most likely affected by this injury?

 a) Spinothalamic tract

 b) Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

 c) Spinocerebellar tract