1. Point Mutation: Answer Substitutions of one or a few nucleotide base pairs in DNA 2. Deletions and additions/ insertions: Answer result in frameshift mutation This can deregulate the genes that control cell replication 3. ChromosomeTranslocation: Answer rearrangement of genesfrom one chromosome toanother 4. Gene amplification: Answer mutation where a small piece of chromosome is duplicatedmultiple times If contains proto-oncogene then the progrowth signals will be amplified many timesover 5. Epigenetic changes: Answer controls gene activity in several different ways 6. Carcinoma in Situ (CIS): Answer Malignant cells are confined to the epithelial layer of atissue and have not penetrated the basement membrane 7. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Answer Epithelial

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jordancarter 7 months ago

This study guide is clear, well-organized, and covers all the essential topics. The explanations are concise, making complex concepts easier to understand. It could benefit from more practice questions, but overall, it's a great resource for efficient studying. Highly recommend!

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