1. GFR: Answer Regular 100-125 Health of the Kidneys 3 Factors: -Permeability of capillary walls -Blood pressure -Effectiveness of filtration Number gets smaller in failure 2. Decreased estrogen: Answer older adults thin urethral tissues, irritation & incontinence 3. Functions of the kidney: Answer 1. Urine formation 2. Excretion of waste products 3. Regulation of electrolyte & water balance 4. Regulation of acid/base balance 5. Control of blood pressure 6. Regulation of red blood cell production 7. Vitamin D synthesis 8. Secretion of prostaglandins 3. Renal Failure: Answer inability of kidneys to excrete waste and water from bloodstream 4. Creatinine clearance: Answer 24 hour urine, after first morning void.