Mission statement - Answer A brief statement (no more than 3 or 4 sentences) identifying the reason the organization exists Philosophy - Answer Flows from the purpose or mission statement and delineates the set of values and beliefs that guide all actions of the organization 1. Must be truly chosen among alternatives only after due reflection 2. Must be prized and cherished 3. Is consciously and consistently repeated (part of a pattern) 4. Positively affirmed and enacted - Answer What 4 characteristics are necessary to determine a true value? Objectives - Answer __________ are more specific and measurable than goals because they identify how and when the goal is to be accomplished Policies - Answer Explain how goals will be met and guide the general course and scope of organizational activities. Procedures - Answer __________ are plans that establish customary or acceptable ways of accomplishing a specific task and delineate a sequence of steps of required action. Vision statements - Answer __________ are used to describe future goals or aims of an organization. Purpose - Answer The mission statement= the __________ of the organizations Preactive, reactive, proactive, and inactive - Answer What are the 4 types of planning? Reactive planning *Because there is dissatisfaction with the current situation, planning efforts are directed at returning the organization to a previous, more comfortable state. *Frequently, in reactive planning, problems are dealt with separately without integration with the whole organization. *In addition, because it is done in response to a crisis, this type of planning can lead to hasty decisions and mistakes. - Answer Which type of planning occurs after a problem exists? Inactive planning *Inactivists would rather maintain the status quo than take a risk with a new way of doing things. *They spend their energy preventing change and maintaining conformity - Answer Which type of planning seeks the status quo? Preactive planning *Unsatisfied with the past or present, preactivists do not value experience and believe that the future is always preferable to the present - Answer Which type of planning utilizes technology to accelerate change and is future-oriented? Proactive planning *Proactive planning is key to success *Proactive planning is dynamic, and adaptation is considered to be a key requirement because the environment changes so frequently. *Because the organizational setting changes often, adaptability is a key requirement for proactive planning. - Answer Which type of planning considers the past, present, and future and attempts to plan the future of an organization rather than react to it? Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats. SWOT may be used in aiding an organization in setting their strategic plan *Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors, whereas opportunities and threats are external factors *The first step in SWOT analysis is to define the desired end state or objective. After the desired objective is defined, the SWOTs are discovered and listed. Decision makers must then decide if the objective can be achieved in view of the SWOTs. If the decision is no, a different objective is selected and the process repeats - Answer What does SWOT stand for? What is it used for? Forecasting - Answer What technique uses available historical patterns to assist in planning strategically? I. Clearly define the purpose of the organization. II. Establish realistic goals and objectives consistent with the mission of the organization. III. Identify the organization's external constituencies or stakeholders and then determine their assessment of the organization's purposes and operations. IV. Clearly communicate the goals and objectives to the organization's constituents. V. Develop a sense of ownership of the plan. VI. Develop strategies to achieve the goals. VII. Ensure that the most effective use is made of the organization's resources. VIII. Provide a base from which progress can be measured. IX. Provide a mechanism for informed change as needed. X. Build a consensus about where the organization is going. - Answer What are the steps necessary for successful strategic planning? Through departmentalization and work division, provides a framework for defining managerial authority, responsibility, and accountability *In a well-defined formal structure, roles and functions are defined and systematically arranged, different people have differing roles, and rank and hierarchy are evident. - Answer What does the formal structure of an organization do? Informal structure is generally a naturally forming social network of employees. *The informal structure fills in the gaps with connections and relationships that illustrate how employees network with one another to get work done. *The informal structure even has its own communication network, known as the grapevine. - Answer What does the informal structure of an organization do? Flat vs tall, matrix structures, service line organization, line structures, and ad hoc design - Answer What are the 5 major types of organizational structures? *Flat occurs when there are fewer reporting layers/ smaller chain of command in the organization *this decentralizes the organization *more authority and decision making can occur where the work is being carried out - Answer What is a flat organizational structure? *Designed to focus on both the product and the function *Have a formal vertical and horizontal chain of command *Have fewer formal rules and fewer levels of the hierarchy DISADVANTAGES: 1. Can cause slow decision making due to information sharing 2. Can produce confusion and frustration for workers because of dual-authority hierarchical design 3. The primary advantage of centralizing expertise is frequently outweighed by the complexity of the communication required in the design. - Answer What is a matrix organizational structure? *In service line organizations, the overall goals are determined by larger organization, but