1. What are the four main roles of an APN and what are their scopes of practice? - The four main roles of an APN are nurse practitioner (NP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS), nurse anesthetist (NA), and nurse midwife (NM). Their scopes of practice vary by state, but generally they can perform advanced assessments, diagnose, prescribe, order tests, and provide treatments within their specialty areas. NPs and CNSs can also provide primary or specialty care, while NAs and NMs focus on anesthesia and maternity care respectively. 2. What are some of the benefits and challenges of being an APN? - Some of the benefits of being an APN are having more autonomy, authority, and responsibility in clinical decision making, being able to provide holistic and patientcentered care, having more opportunities for leadership, research, and education, and being able to address the health care needs of underserved populations. Some of the challenges of being an APN are facing barriers to practice such as restrictive regulations, reimbursement issues, and lack of recognition, dealing with role ambiguity and role conflict, maintaining competence and certification, and balancing multiple demands and expectations. 3. What are some of the ethical issues that an APN may encounter in practice? - Some of the ethical issues that an APN may encounter in practice are respecting patient autonomy and confidentiality, obtaining informed consent, ensuring beneficence and nonmaleficence, promoting justice and equity, managing conflicts of interest, maintaining professional boundaries, reporting errors and adverse events, and advocating for patients' rights. 4. What are some of the legal issues that an APN may face in practice? - Some of the legal issues that an APN may face in practice are complying with state laws and regulations regarding scope of practice, prescriptive authority, and collaboration agreements, adhering to standards of care and evidence-based practice guidelines, documenting accurately and thoroughly, protecting intellectual property rights, avoiding malpractice and negligence claims, and responding to subpoenas and lawsuits.