1. What is the difference between a grand theory and a middlerange theory in nursing? Provide an example of each. - A grand theory is a broad and abstract framework that explains and guides nursing practice, research, and education. A grand theory attempts to describe the nature and goals of nursing as a whole, and often incorporates concepts from other disciplines such as psychology, sociology, or philosophy. A middle-range theory is a more specific and testable theory that addresses a particular phenomenon or aspect of nursing practice. A middlerange theory is derived from or consistent with a grand theory, but focuses on a narrower scope and level of abstraction. An example of a grand theory is Orem's self-care deficit theory, which states that nursing is required when people are unable to meet their own self-care needs. An example of a middle-range theory is Mishel's uncertainty in illness theory, which explains how people cope with the unpredictability and ambiguity of chronic illness.