1. A patient with a history of chronic heart failure presents with symptoms of worsening dyspnea and fatigue. Which intervention should the nurse practitioner prioritize? a) Prescribing a short course of oral corticosteroids. b) Initiating oxygen therapy and titrating to maintain SpO2 above 92%. c) Increasing the dose of the patient's current diuretic medication. d) Advising the patient to limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day. Answer: b) Initiating oxygen therapy and titrating to maintain SpO2 above 92%. Rationale: Oxygen therapy is essential for patients presenting with symptoms of acute heart failure exacerbation to improve oxygenation and reduce the workload on the heart. 2. In evaluating a patient for potential sepsis, which laboratory result would be most indicative of this diagnosis? a) Elevated white blood cell count. b) Decreased serum sodium level. c) Increased serum lactate level. d) Decreased hemoglobin level. Answer: c) Increased serum lactate level. Rationale: An increased serum lactate level indicates tissue hypoperfusion, which is a concern in sepsis and can guide the urgency of intervention. 3. A nurse practitioner is considering pharmacological treatment options for a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which factor is most important in selecting an initial medication? a) The patient's preference for oral or injectable medication. b) The presence of comorbid cardiovascular disease. c) The patient's body mass index (BMI). d) The cost and availability of the medication. Answer: b) The presence of comorbid cardiovascular disease. Rationale: Comorbid conditions, especially cardiovascular disease, significantly influence the choice of diabetic medication due to the impact on patient outcomes. 4. When educating a patient about managing chronic kidney disease,