1. CardiovascularRisk Factors: Answer smoking, hypercholesterolemia, diet high in saturated fats, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, genetics 2. Cardiovascular pathophysiology: Answer the processes that lead to disease in the heart and blood vessels 3. Cardiovascular clinical manifestations: Answer Syncope, falls, HTN, A-fib, MI, heart failure 4. Tobacco use- stages of change (Prochaska): Answer 1. Precontemplation - person does not recognize a problem and still uses. 2. Contemplation - still using but entertaining thoughts of quitting. 3. Determination/Preparation - person has made a decision to quit in near future. Therapist uses empathic listening, gentle confrontation, humor, scaling questions, miracle questions. **Only about 20 percent of addicted persons can be found in last 3 stages 4. Action - person takes active steps like entering treatment 5. Maintenance - at about 6 months, person has made behavior change and controlled drug use. 6. Termination - at about 5 years, person has made cognitive and emotional changes necessary to support continuing control of the drug abuse. 5. Benefits of quitting smoking: Answer 24 hours: Risk of MI decreases 2-3 weeks: Circulation increases; lung function increases by 30% 1 year: Risk of CAD is 1/2 that of smokers 5 years: Stroke risk is similar to baseline 10 years: 1/2 lung cancer death rate, decrease in risk of cancers