1. Define dyspnea: Answer An uncomfortable awareness of breathing. 2. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) - Definition, Etiology, Symptoms: - Answer -Sudden,severe SOBat night that awakens a person fromsleep, often with coughingand wheezing. -Most closely associated with CHF. -occurs several hours after person with CHF has fallen asleep. -relieved by sitting upright, but not as quickly as simple orthopnea 3. Orthopnea Definition: Answer Dyspnea which occurs when lying flat, forcing the personto have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair. Example: "three pillow orthopnea" 4. Clinical distinction between acute bronchitis & chronic bronchitis: durationof illness.: Answer Acute Bronchitis Productive cough lasting 1-3 weeks Chronic Bronchitis Productive cough for at least three months for the past two years 5. COPD symptoms/characteristics: Answer -worsening winter cough because breathingcold dry air causes constriction of the airways and obstructs air flow. I -a history of heavy smoking -absence of orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) -dyspnea with exertion is a cardinal symptom of COPD