1. Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research design?

a) A randomized controlled trial comparing two interventions for pain

management

b) A phenomenological study exploring the lived experiences of chronic pain

patients

c) A grounded theory study developing a model of coping with chronic pain

d) A narrative inquiry examining the stories of chronic pain patients

Answer: A. Quantitative research designs use numerical data and statistical

analysis to test hypotheses and measure outcomes. The other options are

examples of qualitative research designs, which use words, images, or other

forms of data to explore meanings and contexts.

2. What is the main difference between a systematic review and a metaanalysis?

a) A systematic review summarizes the findings of multiple studies on a

specific topic, while a meta-analysis combines the results of multiple studies

using statistical methods

b) A systematic review evaluates the quality and rigor of multiple studies on a

specific topic, while a meta-analysis synthesizes the findings of multiple

studies using narrative methods

c) A systematic review identifies gaps and limitations in the existing literature

on a specific topic, while a meta-analysis generates new hypotheses and

recommendations based on the existing literature

d) A systematic review focuses on the clinical implications of multiple studies

on a specific topic, while a meta-analysis focuses on the theoretical

implications of multiple studies

Answer: A. A systematic review is a comprehensive and critical appraisal of

the literature on a specific topic, while a meta-analysis is a statistical

technique that combines the results of multiple studies to produce a pooled

estimate of effect.

3. What is the purpose of using random sampling in quantitative research?

a) To increase the validity and reliability of the study

b) To increase the generalizability and representativeness of the study

c) To increase the feasibility and efficiency of the study

d) To increase the diversity and complexity of the study

Answer: B. Random sampling is a method of selecting participants from a

population in such a way that each individual has an equal chance of being

included. This reduces the risk of selection bias and increases the likelihood

that the sample reflects the characteristics of the population, thus enhancing