NU 621 Advanced Pathophysiology MIDTERM READINESS EXAM GUIDE Q & S 2025/2026

1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is
characterized by a decrease in bone density?
 a) Osteopenia
 b) Osteoarthritis
 c) Osteomyelitis
 d) Osteosarcoma
 Correct Answer: a) Osteopenia
 Rationale: Osteopenia is the precursor to osteoporosis
and is characterized by bone density that is lower than
normal peak density but not low enough to be classified as
osteoporosis.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the term used to
describe an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the
blood.
 Correct Answer: Hyperglycemia
 Rationale: Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high
blood sugar, which is a common issue in patients with
diabetes mellitus.
3. True/False: The liver is responsible for synthesizing
clotting factors.
 Correct Answer: True
 Rationale: The liver plays a crucial role in the production
of clotting factors, which are essential for blood coagulation.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the
following are considered cardinal signs of inflammation?
 a) Redness
 b) Swelling