1. **Question**: What is the primary physiological principle underlying

intravenous fluid therapy in patients with hypovolemia?

 **Answer**: The primary principle is to restore circulating blood

volume, thereby improving tissue perfusion and oxygenation.

 **Rationale**: Hypovolemia refers to decreased blood volume, which

can lead to reduced tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. Intravenous

therapy quickly replenishes blood volume, ensuring vital organs receive

adequate oxygen.

2. **Question**: How does the osmolarity of IV solutions affect fluid

distribution in the body?

 **Answer**: Isotonic solutions maintain fluid balance, hypotonic

solutions cause fluid shift into cells, and hypertonic solutions draw fluid

out of cells.

 **Rationale**: Osmolarity determines the movement of water across

cell membranes. Isotonic solutions have no net movement, hypotonic

solutions hydrate cells, and hypertonic solutions are used to reduce

cellular swelling or deliver concentrated nutrients.

3. **Question**: In administering IV potassium, what is the maximum

recommended infusion rate to prevent cardiac complications?

 **Answer**: The maximum rate should not exceed 10 mEq/hour.

 **Rationale**: Rapid infusion of potassium can lead to hyperkalemia,

which may cause cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. A controlled rate ensures

safe serum potassium levels.

4. **Question**: What is the significance of monitoring blood pressure

during intravenous therapy?

 **Answer**: It helps detect either hypervolemia or hypovolemia,

indicating whether the IV therapy is too fast or insufficient.

 **Rationale**: Blood pressure reflects fluid status; a significant

increase may suggest fluid overload, while a decrease might indicate

inadequate volume replacement.

5. **Question**: Why is it important to use aseptic technique when

preparing and administering IV medications?

 **Answer**: To prevent infections, including potentially lifethreatening bloodstream infections.