NUR 2571 Exam 2 Study Guide

Cardiovascular Disorders

• Any kind of disorder that interferes with pump

• It can be peripheral vascular diseases that interrupt blood flow

• As age increase things don’t pump the same

• Arterial sclerosis is when narrowing begins to happen

o Pt. starts to experience decreased cardia output

• Increased size of myocardium – heart muscle that has pumped a long time

o Think about 90-year old’s, not many things last 90 years

▪ Remember heart is just tissue and muscle

▪ Age and high BP causes issues and heart gets larger

• Atherosclerosis – “at” being the fat in there (there meaning the arteries lol)

o Start having edema and varicose veins

• Different tests

o Main test surrounding heart damage is troponin which should be less than 0.04

o Troponin shows what damage is going onto the heart even if EKG is normal

▪ Non-STEMI (non-ST elevated MI)

▪ Patients will come in with no chest pain yet have slurred speech,sweating, out

of it, BM (known as MI BM because everything relaxes and pts poop)

o Myoglobin shows what damage is to the muscle

▪ You can have heart attack 20 years ago and still have damage to myoglobin

therefore it is not the FIRST test to look at, yet it is still important

• Conditionsthat cause different cardiac disorders

o Hypo and Hypertension (hypertension being most important)

▪ Hypertension the leading cause of MI (heart attack), kidney damage, CHF,

Stroke, atherosclerosis, arterial sclerosis, (walls stiffen and harden)

▪ Hypertension is a beast

• Cardiomyopathy – weakening of the heart muscle

▪ Muscle becomes enlarges,stretched, Sterling’s Law

▪ Not able to pump the same

o Primary Cardiomyopathy – medical field not sure what causes it

o Secondary Cardiomyopathy usually linked to something else, Long standing

hypertension, congenital heart problems, etc.

o Dilated (Congested Cardiomyopathy)

▪ Pumped up and gotten big so many times that it has stayed open

▪ Can lead to CHF

▪ Not able to get all blood out which can lead to blood clots or a fib

▪ Watch for STROKES

▪ pt. will be on anticoagulants

▪ if disease progresses, bc treatment not working, heart transplant may be only

option


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