1. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing hypoxemia. Which compensatory mechanism is most likely to be triggered? A. Hyperventilation B. Renal compensation C. Decreased heart rate D. Bronchodilation Answer: A. Hyperventilation Rationale: Hypoxemia stimulates chemoreceptors, which in turn increase the respiratory rate to enhance oxygen intake, a process known as hyperventilation. 2. In a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which pathophysiological change is primarily responsible for ketoacidosis? A. Insulin resistance B. Deficient insulin production C. Excessive carbohydrate intake D. Impaired glucose uptake by cells Answer: B. Deficient insulin production Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to deficient insulin production and subsequent ketoacidosis due to the metabolism of fats for energy. 3. A patient presents with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe? A. Bradycardia B. Hypotension C. Polyuria D. Hyperventilation Answer: A. Bradycardia Rationale: Increased ICP can lead to Cushing's triad, which includes bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations. 4. During an acute myocardial infarction, what is the primary reason for administering aspirin?