1. Which of the following is a characteristic of acute

kidney injury (AKI)?

a. Gradual decrease in urine output over time

b. Normal serum creatinine levels

c. Hypokalemia due to decreased excretion

d. Increased urine osmolality

Answer: b.

Rationale: AKI is characterized by a rapid decrease in

kidney function, leading to an accumulation of waste

products and a rise in serum creatinine levels.

2. Which of the following is the primary function of the

kidneys?

a. Regulation of acid-base balance

b. Storage of urine

c. Production of erythropoietin

d. Regulation of blood glucose levels

Answer: a.

Rationale: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining

acid-base balance by regulating the levels of hydrogen ions

and bicarbonate in the blood.