1. What are the four core principles of humanitarian action

and why are they important? (4 marks)

Answer: The four core principles of humanitarian action

are humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence.

Humanity means that human suffering must be addressed

wherever it is found, with respect for the dignity and rights

of all people. Impartiality means that humanitarian

assistance must be provided without discrimination based

on nationality, race, gender, religious belief, class or

political opinion. Neutrality means that humanitarian actors

must not take sides in hostilities or engage in controversies

of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature.

Independence means that humanitarian action must be

autonomous from the political, economic, military or other

objectives of any actor involved in the conflict or crisis.

These principles are important because they help to ensure

that humanitarian action is based on the needs of the

affected people and not influenced by external agendas or

interests. They also help to protect the safety and access of

humanitarian workers and to gain the trust and acceptance

of the local communities and authorities.

2. What are some of the main challenges and dilemmas

faced by humanitarian actors in complex emergencies? (6

marks)

Answer: Some of the main challenges and dilemmas faced

by humanitarian actors in complex emergencies are:

- The lack of security and protection for humanitarian