1. A patient presents with muscle weakness and fatigue. Which pathophysiological process is most likely responsible for these symptoms? A. Neurotransmitter depletion B. Myelin sheath degradation C. Axonal transport disruption D. Synaptic vesicle proliferation Answer: B. Myelin sheath degradation Rationale: The myelin sheath facilitates the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. Its degradation can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness and fatigue due to slower nerve impulse transmission. 2. In a case of bacterial meningitis, which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) finding is typically observed? A. Increased glucose B. Decreased white blood cells C. Increased protein D. Decreased pressure Answer: C. Increased protein Rationale: Bacterial meningitis often results in an inflammatory response, leading to increased protein levels in the CSF. 3. Which condition is characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Parkinson's disease C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. Huntington's disease Answer: B. Parkinson's disease Rationale: Parkinson's disease is marked by the loss of dopamineproducing neurons in the substantia nigra, affecting movement control. 4. A 60-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus is diagnosed with a stroke. What is the most likely type of stroke? A. Hemorrhagic B. Ischemic C. Embolic D. Thrombotic