1. What hormone is primarily responsible for the proliferation phase of the menstrual cycle? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Luteinizing Hormone D. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Answer: A. Estrogen Rationale: Estrogen is the primary hormone responsible for the proliferation phase, where the endometrium thickens in preparation for potential implantation. 2. During which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation typically occur? A. Menstrual phase B. Proliferative phase C. Secretory phase D. Ovulatory phase Answer: D. Ovulatory phase Rationale: Ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovary, typically occurs during the ovulatory phase, around the 14th day of a regular 28-day cycle. 3. A 25-year-old patient presents with irregular menstrual cycles. Which of the following could be a potential cause? A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) B. Pregnancy C. Menopause D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above Rationale: Irregular menstrual cycles can be caused by a variety of factors including PCOS, pregnancy, and the approach of menopause. 4. Which hormone triggers the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Luteinizing Hormone D. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Answer: B. Progesterone