1. A nurse is conducting a community health assessment in

a rural area of a low-income country. She notices that many

children under the age of five are suffering from

malnutrition, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. What is

the most likely cause of these health problems?

a) Lack of access to clean water and sanitation

b) Lack of immunization and preventive care

c) Lack of education and awareness

d) All of the above *

Rationale: All of these factors contribute to the high burden

of disease among children in low-resource settings. Lack of

access to clean water and sanitation increases the risk of

waterborne and fecal-oral diseases, such as diarrhea and

cholera. Lack of immunization and preventive care exposes

children to vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles

and polio. Lack of education and awareness limits the

adoption of healthy behaviors, such as breastfeeding,

handwashing, and seeking timely care.

2. A nurse is working with a refugee population that has

recently arrived in a high-income country. She observes

that many refugees are experiencing mental health issues,

such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress

disorder (PTSD). What are some of the factors that

influence the mental health of refugees?

a) Pre-migration experiences, such as violence,

persecution, and displacement