1. A nurse researcher is conducting a randomized

controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of two

interventions for smoking cessation. The researcher

randomly assigns participants to either group A or group B

and follows them for six months. The researcher measures

the number of cigarettes smoked per day at baseline and at

the end of the study. What type of research design is this?

a) Descriptive

b) Correlational

c) Experimental*

d) Quasi-experimental

Rationale: This is an example of an experimental design,

which involves manipulating an independent variable (the

intervention) and measuring its effect on a dependent

variable (the number of cigarettes smoked per day) while

controlling for other variables (random assignment, followup period).

2. A nurse is working in a palliative care unit and is caring

for a patient who has terminal cancer. The patient has

expressed a wish to die at home and has signed a do-notresuscitate (DNR) order. However, the patient's family

members are opposed to this decision and want the patient

to receive aggressive treatment in the hospital. The nurse is

facing an ethical dilemma and needs to balance the patient's

autonomy with the family's beneficence. What ethical

principle should guide the nurse's actions in this situation?

a) Justice