1. A nurse is caring for a patient who has terminal cancer

and is in severe pain. The patient requests a higher dose of

morphine to relieve his suffering, but the nurse knows that

this could hasten his death. What is the most ethical course

of action for the nurse?

a) Respect the patient's autonomy and give him the

requested dose of morphine.

b) Refuse to give the patient more morphine and explain

the risks of overdose.

c) Consult with the patient's family and the physician about

the best pain management plan.

d) Give the patient a placebo and tell him it is morphine to

ease his anxiety.*

Rationale: Giving the patient a placebo and telling him it is

morphine is an example of deception, which violates the

ethical principles of veracity and respect for persons. The

nurse should not lie to the patient or withhold information

that could affect his decision-making. The other options are

more ethically acceptable, depending on the context and

the patient's preferences.

2. A nurse is working in a clinic that provides reproductive

health services, including abortion. The nurse has a

personal belief that abortion is morally wrong and does not

want to participate in any procedures that involve

terminating a pregnancy. What is the most ethical course of

action for the nurse?