1. A patient presents with signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome

(ARDS). Which of the following pathophysiological processes is most

likely contributing to their condition?

A. Decreased surfactant production

B. Increased capillary permeability

C. Excessive mucus production

D. Bronchoconstriction

Answer: B. Increased capillary permeability

Rationale: ARDS is characterized by increased capillary permeability,

leading to fluid leakage into the alveoli and impaired gas exchange.

2. A patient with hypertension is prescribed a calcium channel blocker.

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of this

medication?

A. Inhibition of angiotensin II

B. Inhibition of calcium influx into smooth muscle cells

C. Inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors

D. Inhibition of platelet aggregation

Answer: B. Inhibition of calcium influx into smooth muscle cells

Rationale: Calcium channel blockers work by blocking calcium influx into

smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood

pressure.

3. During a physical assessment, a nurse observes the patient's skin

turning pale and cool to the touch in response to cold temperatures. This is

an example of which physiological response?

A. Vasoconstriction

B. Vasodilation

C. Diaphoresis

D. Hyperemia

Answer: A. Vasoconstriction

Rationale: Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, which helps

conserve heat in response to cold temperatures.