NURS 611 EXAM 2 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 20232024 COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)

NURS 611 EXAM 2 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 2023-

2024 COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+

(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)

Where is the region responsible for the motor aspects?Broca area in the

frontal lobe. - ANSWER- Broca speech area is the only region

responsible for the motor aspects of speech.

Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in which

area of the brain? - ANSWER- Basal ganglia

Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation

of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain? -

ANSWER- Hypothalamus. Hypothalamic function falls into 2 major

areas: 1) maintenance of a constant internal environment, and 2)

implementation of behavioral patterns.

What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional

and behavioral states? - ANSWER- Limbic system and prefrontal cortex

Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations,

sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the

brain? - ANSWER- Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata makes

up the myelencephalon and is the lowest portion of the brainstem.

Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and

unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture? -

ANSWER- Cerebellum

The brain receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac output?

- ANSWER- 20% or 800 to 1000 ml of blood flow per minute

What evidence does the nurse expect to see when a patient experiences

trauma to the hypothalamus? (select all that apply) A. Uneven

expression of mood B. Unstable blood glucose levels C. Poor regulation

of body temperature D. Visual disturbances such as blurred vision E.

N/V and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease - ANSWERUneven expression of mood, unstable blood glucose levels, and poor

temp regulation. The hypothalamus forms the base of the diencephalon.

Hypothalamic function controls autonomic nervous system function,

regulation of body temp, endocrine function (glucose levels), and

regulation of emotional expression.

What is the first defense of our bodies? - ANSWER- Skin and mucous

membranes

Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process? - ANSWERTo prevent infection of the injured tissue. If the epithelial barrier is

damaged, then a highly efficient local and system response

(inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect

against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue.

What are the 4 cardinal signs of infection? - ANSWER- Edema (tumor),

warmth (calor), redness (rubor), and pain (dolar). There is a 5th sign

known as loss of function (functio laesa) but Dr. Wunderlich did not

mention this.

Which type of white blood cell is first to arrive at the site of infection? -

ANSWER- Leukocytes

Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER- Body system responsible

for conserving energy and body resources

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - ANSWER- Body system that

responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself

how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system

(SNS) - ANSWER- blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood

flow to GI and integumentary is decreased

how are primary brain injuries classified - ANSWER- Focal or diffuse

(aka multifocal)

focal brain injuries - ANSWER- specific, grossly observable brain

lesions that occur in a precise location

Epidural and subdural hemorrhages

diffuse brain injuries - ANSWER- include brain injury due to hypoxia,

meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels

The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause

collateral dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus

polyuria)

autonomic hyperreflexia - ANSWER- affected at the t5-t6 level or

above; characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a

pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the

lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection

caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)

location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - ANSWERindividual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or

above

sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia -

ANSWER- bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia

Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node.

The intact ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that

increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the

carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The

heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate

because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord

Alzheimer's disease - ANSWER- leading cause of dementia and one of

the most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults

what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - ANSWERage, family history