Rovsing sign - answerapply pressure to lower left abdomen. Pain felt on right side of abdomen when pressure released. + Ant/ Post Drawer sign - answerassess for injury of ant/post cruciate ligament Osgood- Schlatter disease - answermost common in later childhood and early adolescence. Painful swelling and tenderness of tibial tuberosity. Most common in children in sports. *initial TX is stretching. TX for sprained ankle - answerapply cold for 20 min, off for 20-45 min. Repeat 1st 24-48hrs. Rest, elevate, compress (RICE) Legg-calve perthes - answeridiopathic osteonecrosis of femoral head. 4x more common in males. Hip pain, knee pain, painless limp that is worse at end of day. Frog leg xray best to diagnose. Viral gastroenteritis - answerMost common complication is dehydration.Tx is small, frequent amounts of oral rehydration solution. BG for 4y/o - answergoal of 90-130 Suspected growth hormone deficiency - answershort, slow growth. Childlike faces with prominent forehead. *Initial eval include TSH, BG (hypoglycemia), GI illness, CBC, sed rate, UA, growth factor. Initial eval in cases of isolated menarche - answer*sexual abuse should be ruled out first essentials for childs mental health - answerpredictable home, childcare, school routines Migraine - answerunilateral, pulsating, occasional photophobia. Iron deficiency anemia - answer*Microcytic, hypochromic. Most common cause is poor dietary intake/ breastfeeding risk. Prevalence is 25% of children between ages 10-15 mos. Depression Comorbidities - answeranxiety disorder, mixed anxiety/depression. ADHD, conduct/learning/oppositional defiant disorders. SAD, eating disorders, stress. Depression risk factors - answerattention, conduct, learning disorders. Chronic illness (diabetes). abuse/neglect. other trauma or natural disasters. *Separation anxiety. PHQ9 - answerdepression screening tool for ages 11 and up signs of PTSD - answerre-experiencing trauma thru intrusive distressing recollections of event, flashbacks, nightmares. Avoidance of places, people, and activities that are reminders of trauma, and emotional numbness. Increased arousal such as difficulty sleeping and concentrating, feeling jumpy, easily irritated and angered. *Extreme temper tantrums in preschool aged kids. slipped capital femoral epiphysis risk factors - answerObesity, males, sports, femoral retroversion, hypothyroidism, avg age presentation is 12y/o for females and 13y/o for males. slipped capital femoral epiphysis clinical findings: - answerlimping, knee/hip pain, pain worse with activity, localized pain to ant thigh or knee. May be unable to bear wt all together, loss of internal rotation of hip with flexion, affected extremity is usually shorter. Loss of abduction and extension slipped capital femoral epiphysis DX and TX - answer-xray. Always refer to peds ortho. Keep non wt bearing until surgical eval. Scoliosis - answermost common type is idiopathic. *In order to confirm suspected, get AP and lateral standing Xray view of spine Bactrim - answertreatment of choice for UTI in children TX for gastroenteritis - answersmall, frequent amounts of oral rehydration solution Appendicits - answerConstant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ. Worsens over period of 4hrs. Pain subsides as it migrates to RLQ and then worsens with movement, deep respir, and coughing.Pain/Fever are late sign, leading to perforation. Vomiting. *Elevated WBC. Neural mediated syncope - answermost common form of fainting/ frequent ED visits. Happens in part of nervous system that regulates BP. Place pt reclining position to restore blood flow/ consciousness. Situational syncope, vasovagal, reflex, neurocardiogenic part of it. Residual findings are pallor, fatigue, diaphoresis Cardiac syncope - answercauses: bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, exercise triggered. Palpitations. Residual findings: incontinence, disorientation, or injury. Goiter - answercommonly found on exam with hyperthyroidism DM1 treatment goals - answerachieve normal growth/development. Achieve optimal glycemic control. + psychosocial adjustment to diabetes. Hgb A1C < 7 xss=removed>