with acute heart failure
and prescribed furosemide, metoprolol
and lisinopril. Which of the following
nursing interventions is most appropriate
for this patient?
a) Monitor his blood pressure, pulse and
urine output frequently.
b) Encourage him to drink plenty of fluids
and limit his sodium intake.
c) Teach him about the signs and
symptoms of hypoglycemia and
hyperkalemia.
d) Assist him with activities of daily living
and provide emotional support.
*Answer: a) Monitor his blood pressure,
pulse and urine output frequently.*
Rationale: This patient is at risk of fluid
overload, hypotension, bradycardia and
electrolyte imbalances due to his
medications and comorbidities.
Monitoring his vital signs and urine
output can help detect any adverse effects
or complications and guide appropriate
adjustments in therapy.
2. A 78-year-old woman with a history of
osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and
depression is admitted to the hospital with
a hip fracture after a fall at home. She is
scheduled for a hip replacement surgery
the next day. Which of the following
nursing interventions is most appropriate
for this patient?
a) Administer analgesics as prescribed and
assess her pain level regularly.
b) Apply ice packs to the affected hip and
elevate it above the level of the heart.
c) Mobilize her as soon as possible and
encourage weight-bearing exercises.
d) Educate her about the risks and benefits
of the surgery and obtain informed
consent.
*Answer: a) Administer analgesics as
prescribed and assess her pain level
regularly.*
Rationale: This patient is likely to
experience severe pain due to her fracture
and inflammation. Pain management is
essential to reduce her discomfort, prevent
complications such as infection, thrombosis
or delirium, and promote healing and
recovery.
3. A 54-year-old man with a history of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), smoking and alcohol abuse is
admitted to the hospital with an acute
exacerbation of COPD. He has dyspnea,
wheezes, cough and sputum production.
He is prescribed oxygen therapy,
bronchodilators, corticosteroids and
antibiotics. Which of the following nursing
interventions is most appropriate for this
patient?
a) Assess his respiratory status, oxygen
saturation and sputum characteristics
frequently.
b) Encourage him to quit smoking and
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