1. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril, an

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse

should monitor the patient for which of the following

adverse effects?

a) Hyperkalemia*

b) Hypoglycemia

c) Hypocalcemia

d) Hyponatremia

Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by

inhibiting the secretion of aldosterone, which regulates

potassium excretion. Hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and

hyponatremia are not common adverse effects of ACE

inhibitors.

2. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is taking

metformin, a biguanide antidiabetic agent. The nurse

should instruct the patient to avoid which of the following

substances while taking metformin?

a) Alcohol*

b) Caffeine

c) Grapefruit juice

d) Milk

Rationale: Alcohol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a

rare but serious complication of metformin therapy.

Caffeine, grapefruit juice, and milk do not interact

significantly with metformin.

3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) is prescribed albuterol, a beta2-adrenergic agonist