1. A newborn is prescribed oral morphine for pain

management. Which of the following physiological factors

should the nurse consider when administering this

medication?

a) Limited renal function and potential for drug

accumulation

b) Accelerated liver metabolism and increased drug

clearance

c) Enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability and rapid

drug distribution

d) Decreased gastrointestinal absorption and delayed drug

effects

Answer: d) Decreased gastrointestinal absorption and

delayed drug effects

Rationale: Newborns have reduced gastrointestinal

absorption compared to adults, leading to delayed drug

effects. This factor should be considered when

administering oral morphine.

2. A 4-month-old infant is diagnosed with a respiratory

infection and prescribed an antibiotic. Which of the

following pharmacokinetic changes should the nurse

anticipate in this age group?

a) Higher plasma protein binding, resulting in reduced free

drug levels

b) Slower renal excretion, leading to prolonged drug half-