1. Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of

autoimmune disorders?

a) The immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own

healthy cells and tissues.

b) Immunodeficiency occurs due to excessive production

of antibodies.

c) Allergies occur due to an overactive immune response to

harmless pathogens.

d) Viruses and bacteria invade the body, resulting in severe

inflammation and tissue damage.

Answer: a) The immune system mistakenly attacks the

body's own healthy cells and tissues.

Rationale: Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune

system fails to recognize self from non-self, leading to an

immune response against the body's own cells and tissues.

2. How does hypertension contribute to the development of

heart failure?

a) Increased blood pressure causes the heart muscle to

become stronger and more efficient.

b) Hypertension leads to the buildup of fatty plaques in the

coronary arteries.

c) Elevated blood pressure increases the workload on the

heart, leading to myocardial remodeling.

d) Hypertension causes the heart valves to function

improperly, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Answer: c) Elevated blood pressure increases the workload

on the heart, leading to myocardial remodeling