1. Which of the following is the most common cause of impairment of

tissue integrity?

a) Infection

b) Physical trauma

c) Nutritional imbalances

d) Altered circulation

**b) Physical trauma**

Rationale: Physical trauma (e.g., car accidents, sports injuries, cuts, blunt

trauma, etc.) is the most common cause of impairment or a break in tissue

integrity. Other causes can be related to thermal factors (e.g., burns,

frostbites), chemical injury (e.g., adverse reactions to drugs), infection,

nutritional imbalances, fluid imbalances, and altered circulation (e.g.,

pressure injuries).

2. What is the goal of wound hygiene (e.g., cleansing, irrigation, and

debridement)?

a) To reduce the contaminant burden without causing further tissue

damage or introducing more contaminants

b) To stimulate the inflammatory response and promote granulation tissue

formation

c) To remove all necrotic tissue and foreign bodies from the wound bed

d) To create a moist environment that facilitates wound healing

**a) To reduce the contaminant burden without causing further tissue

damage or introducing more contaminants**

Rationale: Wound hygiene, including thorough examination of the wound

and surrounding tissues, promotes uncomplicated healing of traumatic

skin wounds and is required prior to wound closure. Wound healing is

impaired by various factors (e.g., bacterial contamination, foreign bodies,

wound ischemia, host factors). All traumatic wounds are assumed to be

contaminated. The goal of wound hygiene is to reduce the contaminant

burden without causing further tissue damage or introducing more

contaminants.