1. What is protein synthesis and why is it essential for maintaining cellular

function in the human body?

Answer: Protein synthesis refers to the process by which cells build

proteins from amino acids. This process is crucial for various biological

functions such as enzyme reactions, cell growth and division, immune

response, and tissue repair. It provides the necessary components for

building and maintaining the structural and functional elements of cells,

tissues, and organs.

Rationale: Assessing the students' understanding of the fundamental

concept of protein synthesis and its significance in maintaining cellular

function is crucial for their knowledge development in nursing.

2. Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis, starting from the

transcription process.

Answer: The steps involved in protein synthesis are transcription and

translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed

into RNA. During this process, the DNA sequence is copied by RNA

polymerase to form a messenger RNA (mRNA).

Rationale: Assessing the students' understanding of the transcription

process helps determine their grasp of the initial step in protein synthesis.

3. What is the role of RNA polymerase enzyme during transcription?

Answer: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of

mRNA by assembling nucleotides complementary to the DNA template

strand. It allows the process of DNA transcription to occur, leading to the

formation of mRNA.

Rationale: Evaluating the students' comprehension of the role of RNA