One often-cited difference between leadership and management is: - ANS-Leaders focus on strategic change, whereas managers focus on the "status quo." Which of the following would be most accurate in regard to current thinking about the relationships between human traits and leadership effectiveness? - ANS-Traits may help us understand how a particular leader might be perceived, but there is little recent research to validate Trait Theory as effective in linking leaders with leadership outcomes. Which of the following pairs includes two theories of leadership that could both be categorized as supervisory theories of leadership? - ANS-Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Transactional Leadership Theory A theory of leadership that focuses on identifying the relationship between task characteristics and employee readiness and matching a supervisory response is best called: - ANS-Situational Leadership Theory. Two leadership theories that were developed separately but are recognized as most effective when they are combined are: - ANS-Transactional Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory In regard to the additive effect of transformational leadership and transactional leadership, which of the following is generally accepted as true? - ANS-Transactional leadership and transformational leadership are not contradictory styles but instead are complementary and can be used together. When comparing Servant Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory, which of the following best describes the motivation of the leaders? - ANS-Servant leaders tend to see all persons as equal and valued, whereas transformational leaders value individuals but more in relation to helping the organization succeed. One accurate summary statement about what we know about the evidence on gender and leadership would be: - ANS-Men and women are perceived as more effective as leaders when the approaches they use match their presentation as more "masculine" or "feminine" as perceived by followers. Which of the following have contributed to the proliferation of evidence-based practice and evidence-based management? - ANS-All of the above Which of the following best describes the approach you should take to finding and evaluating evidence related to management questions? - ANS-Search using multiple sources and strategies, considering all forms of evidence, but carefully evaluate the quality and strength of the evidence that you use. In assessing the evidence you are considering, which of the following would be least likely to impact your decision? - ANS-Country of origin of the evidence Which of the following is the best description of grey literature ? - ANS-Papers, reports, and other documents from government, the academy, business, and industry that are not controlled by commercial publishers but are a valid form of evidence All of the following were identified as challenges to using an evidence-based approach to management by occupational therapy managers except : - ANS-Little evidence exists on management-related questions. Which of the following is most accurate regarding the typologies you might select to evaluate evidence related to management questions? - ANS-Although there are variations in the approaches used by different scholars and sources, most use similar approaches to assigning a level to the evidence that is being examined. Which of the following is most accurate regarding involvement of key stakeholders in the EBPprocess? - ANS-You may present an evidence brief or summary to key stakeholders to discuss the evidence, pros and cons of different options, what is feasible in your setting, and what barriers might exist to implementation. Which of the following is the best strategy for occupational therapy managers who do not have easy access to electronic bibliographic databases to find evidence? - ANSAccess free databases such as PubMed or ProQuest, which are accessible with membership or certification through occupational therapy organizations. Which of the following statements best describes the free-market system as it applies to our health-care system? - ANS-All principles of the free-market system apply to health care, but in complex ways that limit consumers' free choice in various ways. A state-run program that is jointly funded by states and the federal government for people who have limited income or high medical expenses where eligibility for the limited income cohort is based on the family income and size in relation to the national poverty level would best be called which of the following? - ANS-Medicaid Based on data on trends in self-pay (i.e., out-of-pocket) as a payment source for complementary medicine, which of the following is most accurate? - ANS-Adults are likely to pay for complementary approaches to health care when they have the resources, and approximately a third of self-pay payments are for complementary health care. A legislative act that provides for free and appropriate education for children with disabilities in the least restrictive environment and includes requirements for the states to develop EI programs would best be called the: - ANS-Individuals With Disabilities Education Act.