PADI Open Water Diver Certification Exam 2023 SCUBA - Answer- Self contained underwater breathing apparatus What is the pressure change for each 10m/33ft of depth change? - Answer- 1 bar/1 ata/1 atmosphere What is the relationship between my depth in water and the pressure? - Answer- The deeper you go in water, the more the pressure increases Pressure is expressed as the weight of air What is the relationship between pressure, and the volume and the density of air? - Answer- As pressure increases, the gas volume decreases and the gas density increases If I take a volume of air from one depth to another depth, how much will the volume and density change? - Answer- Volume will be 1/ata# Density will be ata# What 3 major body air spaces does increasing pressure affect as I descend? - AnswerEars, sinuses, mask What is a "squeeze"? - Answer- The discomfort caused by pressure imbalance pulling tissue into the air space What is "equalization"? - Answer- The addition of air to your air spaces as you descend How do I equalize as I descend? - Answer- For ears and sinuses, pinch your nose and blow gently, or wiggle your jaw and swallow For mask, blow into it with nose How often should I equalize? - Answer- Every meter/few feet, BEFORE you feel discomfort What should I do if I can't equalize? - Answer- Stop your descent, signal problem and point to your ear, ascend a bit, and try again What can happen if I don't or can't equalize gently and keep descending? - AnswerFluid can rupture the eardrum Bruising around the face can occur Why does a congestion from a cold or allergy temporarily keep me from diving? - Answer- Congestion might block normal air flow, making equalization difficult or impossible Why should I never dive with earplugs? - Answer- They create air spaces that you can't equalize What other body air spaces are affected by increasing pressure? How do I equalize them? - Answer- In filled teeth - go to a dentist In a dry suit - learn from an instructor Lungs - breathe normally and continuously What is the most important rule in scuba diving? - Answer- Breathe continuously and never hold your breath What can happen if I don't follow the most important rule in scuba diving? - AnswerYour lungs will over expand and rupture What is a "reverse block"? - Answer- When expanding air becomes trapped in your body air spaces as you ascend What should I do if I feel discomfort in my ears, sinuses, stomach, intestines, or teeth while ascending? - Answer- Stop your ascent and descend a meter/few feet to reduce discomfort and give trapped air time to work its way out How does depth affect how long my air supply lasts? - Answer- The deeper you are, the more dense air you breathe, and the faster you use the air in your cylinder. Compared to the surface, air supply lasts 1/#ata as long along with other factors What's the most efficient way to breathe dense air underwater? - Answer- Take slow, deep breaths How do I breathe to reduce anxiety when under stress? - Answer- Do NOT breathe faster - keep breathing slowly What are my 4 breathing rules as a scuba diver? - Answer- 1. Breathe continuously and never hold your breath 2. Breathe slowly and deeply 3. Don't allow yourself to get winded or out of breath 4. If faced with a problem, stop, and reduce anxiety by breathing slowly and deeply What is buoyancy? - Answer- An upward force acting on an object in the water, canceling the pull of gravity What causes buoyancy? - Answer- The upwards force is caused by the water displaced by the object, and is equal to the weight of displaced water