1. Compare and contrast the presidential and parliamentary

systems of government, using examples from at least two

countries for each system. (10 marks)

Answer: Presidential systems are characterized by a

separation of powers between the executive and the

legislative branches, where the president is directly elected

by the people and serves as both the head of state and the

head of government. Parliamentary systems are

characterized by a fusion of powers between the executive

and the legislative branches, where the prime minister is

indirectly elected by the parliament and serves as the head

of government, while the head of state is usually a

ceremonial figure. Examples of presidential systems

include the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. Examples of

parliamentary systems include the United Kingdom,

Germany, and India.

Rationale: This question assesses the students' ability to

identify and explain the main features and differences of

two common types of democratic systems, using relevant

examples to illustrate their points.

2. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of federalism

as a form of political organization, using examples from at

least two countries that have adopted it. (10 marks)

Answer: Federalism is a form of political organization

where power is divided between a central government and

regional or state governments, each with its own