1. What is the crude birth rate (CBR) and how is it

calculated? Give an example of a country with a high CBR

and a low CBR.

- The crude birth rate (CBR) is the number of live births

per 1,000 population in a given year. It is calculated by

dividing the number of live births by the mid-year

population and multiplying by 1,000. For example, in 2020,

Niger had a CBR of 44.8 and Japan had a CBR of 7.3.

2. What is the crude death rate (CDR) and how is it

calculated? Give an example of a country with a high CDR

and a low CDR.

- The crude death rate (CDR) is the number of deaths per

1,000 population in a given year. It is calculated by

dividing the number of deaths by the mid-year population

and multiplying by 1,000. For example, in 2020, Bulgaria

had a CDR of 15.5 and Qatar had a CDR of 1.6.