1. A patient with renal failure requires a dose adjustment for a medication

with a narrow therapeutic index. Which pharmacokinetic parameter is

most important to consider?

 A) Bioavailability

 B) Half-life

 C) Volume of distribution

 D) Clearance

 **Answer: B) Half-life**

 Rationale: In renal failure, the elimination of drugs through the kidneys

is impaired, which can prolong the half-life of medications, increasing the

risk of toxicity.

2. A nurse administers a lipophilic drug to a patient. Which tissue

compartment would you expect the drug to accumulate in primarily?

 A) Adipose tissue

 B) Muscle tissue

 C) Blood plasma

 D) Cerebrospinal fluid

 **Answer: A) Adipose tissue**

 Rationale: Lipophilic drugs have a high affinity for adipose tissue due to

its fat content, leading to accumulation and potential prolonged effect.

3. When considering drug metabolism, what is the significance of the

first-pass effect?

 A) It refers to the rapid excretion of drugs after administration.

 B) It describes the initial phase of drug distribution.

 C) It indicates the proportion of drug metabolized before reaching

systemic circulation.

 D) It denotes the conversion of prodrugs into active metabolites.

 **Answer: C) It indicates the proportion of drug metabolized before

reaching systemic circulation.**

 Rationale: The first-pass effect reduces the bioavailability of drugs as

they are metabolized in the liver after oral administration before reaching

the systemic circulation.

4. For a drug with zero-order kinetics, how does the rate of elimination

change with increasing plasma concentration?

 A) Increases proportionally