Warren's Problem with Traditional Pro-Abortion Arguments - ANS-The tragic sideeffects of restricting abortion access and bodily autonomy do no justify the killing of innocent persons Warren's Two Examples of Traditional Pro-Abortion Arguments - ANS-1. Tragic side effects of restricting abortion access 2. Bodily Autonomy Warren's Example of the Traditional Anti-Abortion Argument (3 pts) - ANS-1. it is wrong to kill innocent human beings 2. fetuses are innocent human beings 3. Therefore; it is wrong to kill fetuses Warren's problem with the Traditional Anti-Abortion Argument - ANS-It both begs the question and is a fallacy of equivocation. There is a presumption that a fetus is considered a human being According to Warren, what is John Noonan's Theologian's Criterion of Humanity that influences the Catholic Church's Anti-Abortion Stance? - ANS-what is conceived of humans is human Fallacy of Equivocation - ANS-An argument that depends on a word, phrase, or sentence being used ambiguously. Begging the Question/Circular Reasoning - ANS-assumes as true the very claim that's disputed An example of Begging the Question - ANS-God exists because the bible says so, and the bible is the written word of God, who would not deceive us. According to Warren, what are the two steps for determining the Moral Status of Abortion? - ANS-1. Determining what, if any, moral rights a fetus has 2. Addressing the conflict between the rights of the fetus and the rights of the woman who is unwillingly pregnant According to Warren, what is the Moral Community? - ANS-The sets of beings who have full and equal moral rights According to Warren, what capacity must a being be judged against to be a part of the moral community? - ANS-Personhood, not genetic Humanness. T or F. According to Warren, Aliens, Dolphins, and Chimpanzees could all have a claim to the moral community? - ANS-yes According to Warren, what are the Requirements for Personhood (5 pts) - ANS-1. Consciousness 2. Reasoning 3. Self-Motivated Activity 4. Capacity to Communicate 5. Self-Awareness T or F. According to Warren, the last two requirements for personhood (capacity to communicate and self-awareness) are the most important factors to consider - ANSFalse. The first 2-3 are (consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity) T or F. According to Warren, a person must meet all the requirements of Personhood to be given Moral Status - ANS-False. T or F. According to Warren, a being that satisfies none of the requirements for personhood is not entitled to the Moral rights of the moral Community - ANS-True According to Warren, does a fetus meet any of the requirements for personhood? - ANS-No. a Fetus is genetically a human being, but not yet a person What are Warren's 3 perceived Objections to her argument? - ANS-1. Fetal development 2. Potential Personhood 3. Infanticide According to Warren, what is the Fetal Development Objection? - ANS-the more like a person the fetus becomes, in relevant aspects, the more relevant the case is for regarding it as having a right to life Warren's Response to the Fetal Development Objection: - ANS-While Warren agrees with this notion, she argues that even an advanced fetus is still considerably less personlike than your average mature mammal or even fish According to Warren, what is the Potential Personhood Objection? - ANS-A fetus will eventually develop the required traits and become a person, there deserves rights. What is Warren's Response to the Potential Personhood Objection? - ANS-While a being's potential for personhood might afford some rights, they would not outweigh the rights of an actual person who is unwillingly pregnant According to Warren, what is the Infanticide Objection? - ANS-If Abortion does not equal the killing of a person, than neither does infanticide because infants don't meet many of the requirements for personhood What is Warren's response to the Infanticide objection? - ANS-She bites the bullet and agrees that it would not count as killing a person, but notes that the moment of birth does mark the end of the mother's absolute right to determine its fate According to Marquis, why is Abortion immoral? - ANS-for the same reasons killing an adult human is immoral, it is wrong to deprive person of what they currently value as well as what they may value in the future What ethical-debate does Marquis seek to bypass in his theory on abortion? - ANShuman vs. person because pro-choicers and anti-abortionists cannot find a common resolution on this argument T or F. According to Marquis, anti-abortion arguments have too broad principles that embrace too much - ANS-true. T or F. According to Marquis, pro-choice arguments do not fall pray to narrow principles which embrace too little - ANS-False. They do According to Marquis, is the loss of future the sole wrong of killing? - ANS-no. It might still be wrong to kill someone who lacks a valuable future for other reasons (nursing home patients) What are the implications of Marquis' Loss-of-Future argument? (4 pts) - ANS-1. not exclusive to humans 2. might be applicable to non-human animals 3. Does not rule out Euthanasia 4. Completely rules out infanticide According to Marquis, why is his loss-of-future argument separate from the potential personhood argument? - ANS-it is not a question of whether the fetus will come to meet a set of criteria to be considered a person, but rather, that they have a future in general According to Marquis, what are two rival theories on the wrongness of killing? - ANS1. Desire Account 2. Discontinuation Account According to Marquis, what is the discontinuation account? - ANS-Killing is wrong because it involves the discontinuation of the experience of living T or F. A person has no moral requirement to act on behalf of others at all. according to thomson - ANS-False. we have an obligation to be Minimally Decent Samaritans According to Marquis, what is the Desire Account? - ANS-Killing is wrong because it interferes with the fundamental desire to live According to Marquis, what is the problem with the Desire Account (2 pts) - ANS-1. A Fetus might be argued to have no active desire to live 2. There is something wrong with killing a person with no desire to live (Unconscious person or suicidal person) According to Marquis, why is the Foreseen Objection that Contraception would be disallowed under his thesis wrong? - ANS-in the case of contraception, there isn't a subject to deny a future to. No fertilized point of life, no subject of loss According to Thomson, what is the problem with placing the debate over Abortion on a Fetus's personhood? - ANS-there is debate over whether and when a fetus constitutes a person