1. Define the principle of conservation of energy. How does this principle

apply to various energy transformations in a closed system?

Answer: The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot

be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to

another within a closed system. This principle applies to all energy

transformations, such as potential energy being converted to kinetic

energy and vice versa.

2. Discuss the different forms of energy (e.g. kinetic, potential, thermal,

etc.) and how they relate to the principle of conservation of energy.

Answer: There are various forms of energy, including kinetic energy

(energy of motion), potential energy (energy stored in an object's position

or configuration), thermal energy (energy due to the motion of particles),

and others. These forms of energy can be interconverted within a closed

system while the total energy remains constant, in accordance with the

principle of conservation of energy.

3. Explain how mechanical energy is conserved in a system with friction

present. Provide examples of real-world scenarios where mechanical

energy is not conserved due to friction.

Answer: In a system with friction present, mechanical energy is not fully

conserved because some of the energy is lost as heat due to the work done

against friction. For example, when a ball rolls down a hill, some of its

kinetic energy is lost as heat due to friction with the ground, leading to a

decrease in mechanical energy.

4. Describe the concept of work-energy theorem and how it relates to the

conservation of energy principle. Provide mathematical equations to

support your explanation.

Answer: The work-energy theorem states that the work done on an object

is equal to the change in its kinetic energy. This theorem is derived from

the principle of conservation of energy, where the work done on an object

results in a transfer of energy that either increases or decreases its kinetic