1. What are the main components of the Pediatric Nursing Practicum Synthesis Care Model (PNPSCM)? How does it differ from the traditional nursing care model? - The PNPSCM is a holistic, family-centered, and evidence-based approach to pediatric nursing care that integrates clinical practice, education, research, and leadership. It consists of four components: assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The PNPSCM differs from the traditional nursing care model in that it focuses on the individual needs and preferences of the child and the family, rather than on the disease or condition. It also emphasizes collaboration and communication among the interdisciplinary team, the child, and the family, as well as continuous learning and improvement. 2. What are some of the common challenges or barriers that pediatric nurses face when applying the PNPSCM in their practice? How can they overcome them? - Some of the common challenges or barriers that pediatric nurses face when applying the PNPSCM in their practice are: lack of time, resources, or support; resistance or reluctance from other health care providers, administrators, or families; ethical or legal dilemmas; cultural or linguistic diversity; and complex or uncertain situations. To overcome these challenges or barriers, pediatric nurses can: seek mentorship or guidance from experienced colleagues or experts; advocate for their role and scope of practice; educate and involve other stakeholders; respect and accommodate diversity; and use critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills. 3. How can pediatric nurses use evidence-based practice (EBP) to improve the quality and safety of care for children and families? Give an example of an EBP question, intervention, outcome, and evaluation related to pediatric nursing care. - Pediatric nurses can use EBP to improve the quality and safety of care for children and families by: identifying clinical problems or gaps in knowledge; asking relevant and answerable questions; searching for and appraising the best available evidence; implementing the evidence in practice; and evaluating the outcomes and effectiveness of the intervention. An example of an EBP question, intervention, outcome, and evaluation related to pediatric nursing care is: - Question: In children with asthma, does using a spacer device with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) compared to using an MDI alone improve asthma control and reduce exacerbations? - Intervention: Using a spacer device with an MDI - Outcome: Improved asthma control and reduced exacerbations - Evaluation: Measuring peak expiratory flow rate, frequency and severity of symptoms, number and duration of hospitalizations, and quality of life 4. What are some of the key competencies that pediatric nurses need to develop to provide effective leadership in their practice setting? How can they demonstrate these competencies in their daily work? - Some of the key competencies that pediatric nurses need to develop to provide effective leadership in their practice setting are: vision, communication, collaboration, innovation, advocacy, professionalism, and accountability. They can demonstrate these competencies in their daily work by: setting clear and realistic